Meaning to father offspring (as opposed to adopting). Similar to the term "to sire". In the Old Testament, there are lineages listed of who begat whom--for example, Moses was begotten by Amram and Jochebad, but was raised by the Pharaoh's daughter (Exodus 2).
Adam was not begotten, but rather "formed" from the dust (Hebrew word "yatser"). Jesus, on the other hand was begotten by God (John 3:16), in that Jesus is the actual Son of God, rather than just a creation.
Note: In the Old Testament, there are descriptions of "Sons of God" which means followers or worshippers of God.
In the case of Jesus, God made his Word flesh (John 1:14) and formed it in the Womb of the virgin Mary. Jesus is often described as an "incarnation" of God, which is partially incorrect; an incarnation is when something takes on flesh, such as when God wrestled Jacob (Genesis 32:24-32). Only God's Word became Jesus. God also appears in the bible as a burning bush, a column of fire, and has an undescribed physical body in the Garden of Eden, in that His footsteps could be heard as he walked there (Genesis 3:8).
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