The modern name for the hill on which Jesus was crucified, located outside of the then-boundaries of Jerusalem. Also known as Golgotha in scripture (Matthew 27:33-35):
32 And as they came out, they found a man of Cyrene, Simon by name: him they compelled to bear his cross.
33 And when they were come unto a place called Golgotha, that is to say, a place of a skull,
34 They gave him vinegar to drink mingled with gall: and when he had tasted thereof, he would not drink.
The word Calvary was dopted from the latin word calvaria (Skull), and is sometimes confused with, or mispronounced as "Cavalry" (soldiers on horseback).
The location of Calvary is disputed, with some scholars believing it is where the Church of the Holy Sepulchre now stands. This church was built in the 4th Century, and lies within the walls of the Old City of Jerusalem, although it is documented the city (and its walls) were smaller in Jesus' time, with the walls being east of where the Church now stands. There is also debate as to where the Tomb Jesus was placed after his crucifixion (before the resurrection) is located, with claims it is within the grounds of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, and others claiming it is nearby.
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